What is Synchronous Generator (सिंक्रोनस जनरेटर) ?

Generator is an electrical machine which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.It works on the principle of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
Generators are of two types : Based on nature of output electrical generation 1.DC generator and 2.AC generator

Based on the rotation speed of the rotor there are two types of generators.If the speed of generator  is constant(synchronous speed) then the generator is called as synchronous generator otherwise generator is known as asynchronous generator.

In asynchronous generator speed of the rotor may be greater or less than synchronous speed. Synchronous speed is also known as the speed of rotating magnetic flux of generator.It is denoted and given by Ns=120f/P,Where 'f' is frequency of the generated voltage and current and P is no. of poles of generator.

Why there is a need of DC supply to synchronous generator?           

For generation of AC voltage, there must be a relative motion between magnetic flux and conductor.DC current is used to produce stationary flux.  

In a synchronous generator, a DC current is applied to the rotor winding which produces a stationary rotor magnetic flux. 

The rotor is then turned by prime mover  producing a rotating magnetic field, which induces a voltage within the stator winding.

Construction of Synchronous generator: There are two main part of synchronous generator:rotor and stator, Rotating part is known as Rotor and stationary part is known as Stator (Either connected in Star or Delta).

• Field windings wounded on the rotor are the windings producing the main magnetic field called as rotor windings,
• Stator windings are the windings where the main voltage is induced.

The rotor of a synchronous machine may be a large electromagnet. The magnetic poles can be either salient (sticking out of rotor surface) or non-salient.Based on the rotor construction there are two type of synchronous generator:

1.Salient pole Synchronous generator and 2. Non-salient pole Synchronous generator.

How much power is generated by Synchronous generator in India and Maharashtra?

As per central electricity authority(CEA)India, the total power generation upto June-2019 is as follows :

There are three main sector for electricity generation as: Central ,state and private sector.In all above  three sector electricity is generated by various ways like :

• Hydro power generation (Synchronous generator)
• Thermal power generation (Synchronous generator)
• Wind power generation (Asynchronous generator)
• Tidal power generation(Asynchronous generator)
• Solar power generation (Directly DC power generation) 
• Nuclear power generation (Synchronous generator),etc

From the above data we observe that to fulfill the load demand almost  78% power generation in India is through synchronous generator.